TOEFL 2

1.      After John eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to be

                         A                       B              C                              D

·         Answer                        :  A

·         Correct Answer           : After John had eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to   bed.

·         Reason                        : The sentence is past perfect tense because it is relating two events which happen in the past, one action occurred before another or an action finishes before another action. And the pattern is Subject+had+V3.

2.      Water boil at  212 degrees F, and freezes at 32 degrees F.

        A       B  C                                   D

·         Answer                      : B

·         Correct Answer         : Water  boils at  212 degrees F, and freezes at 32 degrees F.

·         Reason                      :The adjective (boil) is formed with the suffix -est:boils.

3.      If she borrows your coat, then you  should  be able to borrow her.
                    A                                         B          C                      D

·         Answer                        :  A

·         Correct Answer           : If she borrow your coat, then you should be able to borrow her

·         Reason                        :  Because its a Future conditionals  (Simple present tense).

4.      Not only  her parents  but also her brother and sister lives  in New York.

           A                                B                   C                  D

·         Answer                        :  D

·         Correct Answer           : Not only her parents but also her brother and sister live in New York.

·         Reason                        : Because sentences it simple present tense.

5.      My Friend, Jim has not complete  the assignment yet, and Mary hasn’t either.

                                 A            B                               C                           D

·         Answer                        : B

·         Correct Answer           : My friend, Jim hasn't completed the assignment yet, and Mary  hasn't either.

·         Reason                        : should use the verb 3 is (completed) and (hasn’t neither)

6.      If a crisis occurs, those unfamiliar with the procedures wouldn’t know how  to handle

                       A                B                                                            C                D

      the situation.

·         Answer                        : A

·         Correct Answer           : If a crisis occurred, those unfamiliar with the procedures wouldn’t know how to handle the situation.

·         Reason                         : should verb 2 not verb 1, because this sentence is past tense.

7.      Mary go  to bed after she had drunk the medicines.

                A                      B    C      D

·         Answer                        : A

·         Correct Answer           : Mary went to bed after she  had  drunk the medicines.

·         Reason                        : Subject + had + verb3 rd. form

8.      The flights were cancel by them because of fog.

                         A       B           C             D

·         Answer                        : B

·         Correct Answer           : The flights were canceled by them because of fog.

·         Reason                        : Should verb 2 not verb 1, because this sentence uses the auxiliary verb “were” and this sentence is a “simple past tense” and active sentence using the verb 1 so that the verb is change into a verb 2.

9.      A new ring road around the city is being build by them.

      A                                              B            C          D

·         Answer                        : C

·         Correct Answer           : A new ring road around the city is being built by them.

·         Reason                        : Pasive voice of present continuous must be followed by past participle.

10.  He got the worse  score in this  class.

             A       B                  C   D

·         Answer                        : B

·         Correct Answer           : He got  the worst score in  this  class.

·         Reason                        : Because this sentence is not a sentence that shows two things to compare.

11.  Please give me a few coffee and some donuts  if you have any left.

                     A        B                           C                     D         

·         Answer                        : A

·         Correct Answer           : Please gave me  a few coffee and some donuts  if you have any left.

·         Reason                        : This sentence contains quantity adjective "give me" changed to "gave me"

12.  She won’t be going to the conference, and neither won’t her colleagues.

                A            B                                               C                 D

·         Answer                        : C

·         Correct Answer           : She won’t  be going to the conference, and neither won’t  her colleagues

·         Reason                        : Because at the beginning of the sentence there won’t be the nex sentence won’t exchange into won't

13.  He couldn’t gave me  a good reasons, for what he did.

                           A    B                                  C           D

·         Answer                        : A

·         Correct Answer           : He couldn’t give  me  a good reasons, for what he did.

·         Reason                        : This sentence dont contain quantitative adjectives, the word “gave” changed into “give”

14.  Mary had to balanced her account very carefully because she had only

                              A                                B                               C                    

little money.

      D

·         Answer                        :A

·         Correct Answer           : Mary had to balance her account very carefully because she had only little money.

·         Reason                        : should Verb 1 don’t Verb 2

15.  Our friends might stopped to see us on their  way to California.

                                      A          B        C    D

·         Answer                        : A

·         Correct Answer           : Our friends might stop  to see us  on  their  way to California.

·         Reason                        : Should verb 1 not verb 2, because this sentence is a present tense and It is the third single subject . Here the verb 1 is added “s” or “es”.

16.  Daniel said that if he had to do  homework tonight, he wouldn’t have been

                                                 A                          B                     C

      able to attend  the concert.

              D

·         Answer                        : C

·         Correct Answer           : Daniel said that if he had to do  homework tonight, he didn’t able to attend  the concert.

·         Reason                        : Because the sentences is past perfect tense

17.  Peter had already saw  that musical before  he  read  the reviews about it.

                           A                                 B               C                           D

·         Answer                        : A

·         Correct Answer           : Peter had already seen that musical before  he  read  the reviews about it.

·         Reason                        :  Because "already" is time signal for present perfect tense, past perfect tense + before + simple past tense

18.  Tom and her sister studied biology last year, and so does Jean.

           A                           B                     C                        D

·         Answer                        : B

·         Correct Answer           : Tom and her sister studies biology last year, and so does Jean.

·         Reason                        :  Because this is a sentence of past tenses so the verb must be change from "studied" to "studies".

19.  The sooner you leave,  the earliest you will  arrive at your destination.

             A              B                 C           D

·         Answer                        : C

·         Correct Answer           : The sooner  you leave,  the earlier  you will  arrive at your destination.

·         Reason                        : Because verb1 on will arrive, so words earliest should past tense.

20.  He isn’t driving to the convention in March, and neither they are.

                       A         B                        C                        D

·         Answer                        : D

·         Correct Answer           : He isn’t driving to the convention in March, and either they are.

·         Reason                        : because the sentence is single sentence, so it comes to be either they are not neither they are.

VACATION TO YOGYAKARTA

            In 2014, me and my friends on vacation to Yogyakarta by train. We visited the Borobudur Temple, Parangtritis Beach, Malioboro, and other place in Yogyakarta.  We departed from Senen Market Station to the Lempuyangan Station. Our trip from Senen Market Station to Lempuyangan Station is less than 8 hours and then we went to hotel at Malioboro by becak. After that we had dinner at angkringan is arround the hotel.

            At the first day we went to Borobudur Temple by bus. We are admired with the beauty of rocks arranged in Borobudur Temple. But we felt so sad, because the Borobudur Temple is only open until 2nd floor due the eruption of Mount Kelud. There we were only taking photos and then we returned to the hotel.

            At the next day, we went to Parangtritis Beach by rental car. Our trip from hotel to Parangtritis Beach is less than 3 hours. There we didn’t swim at the beach, because of the big waves. After that, we returned to the hotel. And finally we went home to Jakarta by train. We departed from Lempuyangan Station to the Senen Market Station. That was the most enjoyable vacation for me and my friends, because many stories from the vacation

Countable and Uncountable nouns

It's important to distinguish between countable and uncountable nouns in English because their usage is different in regards to both determiners and verbs.

Countable nouns

Countable nouns are for things we can count using numbers. They have a singular and a plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". If you want to ask about the quantity of a countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined with the plural countable noun.

Singular          Plural

one dog           two dogs

one horse         two horses

one man           two men

one idea           two ideas

one shop          two shops

Examples

•     She has three dogs.
•     I own a house.
•     I would like two books please.
•     How many friends do you have?

Uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may be the names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small or too amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form.

Examples

•     tea
•     sugar
•     water
•     air
•     rice
•     knowledge
•     beauty
•     anger
•     fear
•     love
•     money
•     research
•     safety
•     evidence

We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of an uncountable noun, use a word or expression like some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of , or else use an exact measurement like a cup of, a bag of, 1kg of, 1L of, a handful of, a pinch of, an hour of, a day of. If you want to ask about the quantity of an uncountable noun, you ask "How much?"

Examples

•     There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.
•     He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
•     Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?
•     He did not have much sugar left.
•     Measure 1 cup of water, 300g of flour, and 1 teaspoon of salt.
•     How much rice do you want?

Tricky spots

Some nouns are countable in other languages but uncountable in English. They must follow the rules for uncountable nouns. The most common ones are:

accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, furniture, information, luggage, news, progress, traffic, travel, trouble, weather, work

Examples

•     I would like to give you some advice.
•     How much bread should I bring?
•     I didn't make much progress today.
•     This looks like a lot of trouble to me.
•     We did an hour of work yesterday.

Be careful with the noun hair which is normally uncountable in English, so it is not used in the plural. It can be countable only when referring to individual hairs.

Examples :

•     She has long blond hair.
•     The child's hair was curly.
•     I washed my hair yesterday.
•     My father is getting a few grey hairs now. (refers to individual hairs)
•     I found a hair in my soup! (refers to a single strand of hair)

Sumber : http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/countable-and-uncountable-nouns/

Sentence Pattern : Subject, Verb, Complement, and Modifier

1.        SUBJECT

The subject is the agent of the sentence in the active voice; it is the person or thing that does the action of the sentence, and it normally precedes the verb. NOTE: Every sentence in English must have a subject. (In the case of commands, the subject is understood.)

The subject may be a single noun. The subject may be a noun phrase. A noun phrase is a group of words ending with a noun. ( It CANNOT begin with a preposition).

In some sentences there is not a true subject. However, it and there can often, act as pseudo-subjects and should be considered as subjects when rules call for moving the subject of a sentence.

Examples of subjects:

·      We girls are not going to that movie.

·      George likes boats.

·      Mary, John, George, and I went to a restaurant last night.

·      The weather was very bad yesterday.

·      The chemistry professor cancelled class today.

·      The bank closed at two o’clock.

·      It is a nice day today.

·      There was a fire in that building last month.

·      There were many students in the room.

·      It is raining right now.

2.        VERB

The verb follows the subject: it generally shows the action of the sentence. NOTE: Every sentence must have a verb.

 Verb may be a single word. The verb may be a verb phrase. A verb phrase consists of one or more auxiliaries and one main verb. The auxiliaries always precede the main verb.

Examples of verbs and verb phrases:

·      She will go to Boston next week.

·      Jane is very tall.

·      She must have gone to the bank.

·      Joe has gone home.

·      Mary is watching television.

·      It was raining at six o’clock last night.

3.        COMPLEMENTS

A complement completes the verb. It is similar to the subject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase; however, it generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice. NOTE: Every sentence does not require a complement. The complement CANNOT begin with a preposition. A complement answers the question what? Or whom?

Examples of complements:

·      John bought a cake yesterday. (What did John buy?)

·      Jill was driving a new car. (What was Jill driving?)

·      He wants to drink some water. (What does he want to drink?)

·      She saw John at the movies last night. (Whom did she see at the movies?)

·      They called Mary yesterday. (Whom did they call?)

·      He was smoking a cigarette. (What was he smoking?)

4.        MODIFIER

A modifier tells the time, place, or manner of the action. Very often it is a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.

Examples of modifiers:

·      John bought a book at the bookstore. (Where did John buy a book?) (at the bookstore: Modifier of place)

·      Jill was swimming in the pool , yesterday. (Where was Jill swimming?)(When was Jill swimming?) (in the pool: Modifier of place ) (yesterday: Modifier of time)

·      He was driving very fast. (How was he driving?) (very fast: Modifier of manner)

·      The milk is in the refrigerator. (Where is the milk?) (in the refrigerator: Modifier of place)

·      She drove the car on Main Street. (Where did she drive?) (on Main Street: Modifier of place )

·      We ate dinner at seven o’clock. (When did we eat dinner?) (at seven o’clock: Modifier of time)

Referensi :

https://hidayatullahahmad.wordpress.com/2013/03/18/normal-sentence-pattern-in-english/